Animal Nature Study by Various Animal Nature Study by Various    

Lesson 14: Bird Migration

Performer: LibriVox - Claire Schreuder


'The Story that the Swallow Didn't Tell' from Among the Farmyard People by Clara Dillingham Pierson

"Listen!" said the Nigh Ox, "don't you hear some friends coming?"

The Off Ox raised his head from the grass and stopped to brush away a Fly, for you never could hurry either of the brothers. "I don't hear any footfalls," said he.

"You should listen for wings, not feet," said the Nigh Ox, "and for voices, too."

Even as he spoke there floated down from the clear air overhead a soft "tittle-ittle-ittle-ee," as though some bird were laughing for happiness. There was not a cloud in the sky, and the meadow was covered with thousands and thousands of green grass blades, each so small and tender, and yet together making a most beautiful carpet for the feet of the farmyard people, and offering them sweet and juicy food after their winter fare of hay and grain. Truly it was a day to make one laugh aloud for joy. The alder tassels fluttered and danced in the spring breeze, while the smallest and shyest of the willow pussies crept from their little brown houses on the branches to grow in the sunshine.

"Tittle-ittle-ittle-ee! Tittle-ittle-ittle-ee!" And this time it was louder and clearer than before.

"The Swallows!" cried the Oxen to each other. Then they straightened their strong necks and bellowed to the Horses, who were drawing the plow in the field beyond, "The Swallows are coming!"

As soon as the Horses reached the end of the furrow and could rest a minute, they tossed their heads and whinnied with delight. Then they looked around at the farmer, and wished that he knew enough of the farmyard language to understand what they wanted to tell him. They knew he would be glad to hear of their friends' return, for had they not seen him pick up a young Swallow one day and put him in a safer place?

"Tittle-ittle-ittle-ee!" and there was a sudden darkening of the sky above their heads, a whirr of many wings, a chattering and laughing of soft voices, and the Swallows had come. Perched on the ridge-pole of the big barn, they rested and visited and heard all the news.

The Doves were there, walking up and down the sloping sides of the roof and cooing to each other about the simple things of everyday life. You know the Doves stay home all winter, and so it makes a great change when their neighbors, the Swallows, return. They are firm friends in spite of their very different ways of living. There was never a Dove who would be a Swallow if he could, yet the plump, quiet, gray and white Doves dearly love the dashing Swallows, and happy is the Squab who can get a Swallow to tell him stories of the great world.

"Isn't it good to be home, home, home!" sang one Swallow. "I never set my claws on another ridge-pole as comfortable as this."

"I'm going to look at my old nest," said a young Swallow, as she suddenly flew down to the eaves.

"I think I'll go, too," said another young Swallow, springing away from his perch. He was a handsome fellow, with a glistening dark blue head and back, a long forked tail which showed a white stripe on the under side, a rich buff vest, and a deep blue collar, all of the finest feathers. He loved the young Swallow whom he was following, and he wanted to tell her so.

"There is the nest where I was hatched," she said. "Would you think I was ever crowded in there with five brothers and sisters? It was a comfortable nest, too, before the winter winds and snow wore it away. I wonder how it would seem to be a fledgling again?" She snuggled down in the old nest until he could see only her forked tail and her dainty head over the edge. Her vest was quite hidden, and the only light feathers that showed were the reddish-buff ones on throat and face; these were not so bright as his, but still she was beautiful to him. He loved every feather on her body.

"I don't want you to be a fledgling again," he cried. "I want you to help me make a home under the eaves, a lovely little nest of mud and straw, where you can rest as you are now doing, while I bring food to you. Will you?"

"Yes," she cried. "Tittle-ittle-ittle-ee! Oh, tittle-ittle-ittle-ee!" And she flew far up into the blue sky, while he followed her, twittering and singing.

"Where are those young people going?" said an older Swallow. "I should think they had flown far enough for today without circling around for the fun of it."

"Don't you remember the days when you were young?" said the Swallow next to him.

"When I was young?" he answered. "My dear, I am young now. I shall always be young in the springtime. I shall never be old except when I am moulting."

Just then a family of Doves came pattering over the roof, swaying their heads at every step. "We are so glad to see you back," said the father. "We had a long, cold winter, and we thought often of you."

"A very cold winter," cooed his plump little wife.

"Tell me a story," said a young Dove, their son.

"Hush, hush," said the Father Dove. "This is our son," he added, "and this is his sister. We think them quite a pair. Our last brood, you know."

"Tell us a story," said the young Dove again.

"Hush, dear. You mustn't tease the Swallow," said his mother. "They are so fond of stories," she cooed, "and they have heard that your family are great travellers."

"But I want him to tell us a story," said the young Dove. "I think he might."

This made the Swallow feel very uncomfortable, for he could see that the children had been badly brought up, and he did not want to tell a story just then.

"Perhaps you would like to hear about our journey south," said he. "Last fall, when the maples began to show red and yellow leaves among the green, we felt like flying away. It was quite warm weather, and the forest birds were still here, but when we feel like flying south we always begin to get ready."

"I never feel like flying south," said the young Dove. "I don't see why you should."

"That is because I am a Swallow and you are a farmyard Dove. We talked about it to each other, and one day we were ready to start. We all had on our new feathers and felt strong and well. We started out together, but the young birds and their mothers could not keep up with the rest, so we went on ahead."

"Ahead of whom?" said the young Dove, who had been preening his feathers when he should have been listening.

"Ahead of the mothers and their fledglings. We flew over farms where there were Doves like you; over rivers where the Wild Ducks were feeding by the shore; and over towns where crowds of boys and girls were going into large buildings, while on top of these buildings were large bells singing, 'Ding dong, ding dong, ding dong.'"

"I don't think that was a very pretty song," said the young Dove.

"Hush," said his mother, "you mustn't interrupt the Swallow."

"And at last we came to a great lake," said the Swallow. "It was so great that when we had flown over it for a little while we could not see land at all, and our eyes would not tell us which way to go. We just went on as birds must in such places, flying as we felt we ought, and not stopping to ask why or to wonder if we were right. Of course we Swallows never stop to eat, for we catch our food as we fly, but we did sometimes stop to rest. Just after we had crossed this great lake we alighted. It was then that a very strange thing happened, and this is really the story that I started to tell."

"Oh!" said the young Dove and his sister. "How very exciting. But wait just a minute while we peep over the edge of the roof and see what the farmer is doing." And before anybody could say a word they had pattered away to look.

The birds who were there say that the Swallow seemed quite disgusted, and surely nobody could blame him if he did.

"You must excuse them," cooed their mother. "They are really hardly more than Squabs yet, and I can't bear to speak severely to them. I'm sure they didn't mean to be rude."

"Certainly, certainly," said the Swallow. "I will excuse them and you must excuse me. I wish to see a few of my old friends before the sun goes down. Good afternoon!" And he darted away.

The young Doves came pattering back, swaying their heads as they walked. "Why, where is the Swallow?" they cried. "What made him go away? Right at the best part of the story, too. We don't see why folks are so disagreeable. People never are as nice to us as they are to the other young Doves."

"Hush," said their mother. "You mustn't talk in that way. Fly off for something to eat, and never mind about the rest of the story."

When they were gone, she said to her husband, "I wonder if they did hurt the Swallow's feelings? But then, they are so young, hardly more than Squabs."

She forgot that even Squabs should be thoughtful of others, and that no Dove ever amounts to anything unless he begins in the right way as a Squab.

    Animal Nature Study by Various Animal Nature Study by Various    

Lesson 14: Bird Migration

Performer: LibriVox - Claire Schreuder

Directions

Study the lesson for one week.

Over the week:

  • Read the story.
  • Review the animal synopsis.
  • Study the vocabulary words.
  • Learn the concepts.
  • Complete the enrichment activities.
  • Study the review questions.

Synopsis

The seasonal travel of birds from place to place is called migration. Migratory birds engage in this seasonal travel, while permanent residents stay in one place all year. Summer residents are those birds which stay in a location in the summer, and winter residents are those who stay in a location in the winter. This means migratory birds are summer residents to people in certain locations, but winter residents to people in other locations. For example, American barn swallows are summer residents for much of the United States, but winter residents for much of Central and South America. Some birds, such as swallows, gather into flocks before taking their migratory journey. Other birds travel solo between their summer and winter residences.

Vocabulary

Migration: Seasonal movement of animals from one region to another.
Migratory Birds: Birds that engage in seasonal travel each year.
Permanent Resident: Birds that stay in one location year-round.
Summer Resident: Birds that stay in a location for the summer only.
Winter Resident: Birds that stay in a location for the winter only.

Concepts

Did you know that Arctic terns migrate between the Arctic circle and the Antarctic circle?

  1. Arctic terns summer in the Arctic circle and winter in the Antarctic circle.
  2. Arctic terns fly around 22,000 miles during their yearly migrations.
  3. In the summer, the sun does not set in the Arctic circle and in the winter, the sun does not set in the Antarctic circle. Arctic terns spend around 8 months in 24-hour daylight.

Did you know that some birds gather into flocks to migrate, while others travel solo?

  1. Swallows gather into flocks before making their fall migration journeys south. See the picture of swallows gathering on a telephone wire in preparation for their big trip south.
  2. Canadian geese also gather into groups to migrate. See the characteristic 'V' that geese form while flying south for the winter or north for the summer.

Enrichment

Activity 1: Narrate the Story

  • After reading or listening to the story, narrate the story events aloud using your own words.

Activity 2: Classify the Animal

  • Birds are animals and vertebrates.
  • Trace which categories birds fit into on the classification chart.

Activity 3: Act Out the Lesson

Reinforce that certain birds, such as North American barn swallows, migrate to the sunny south in winter and migrate back north in the spring.

  • On one piece of paper, draw an icicle and write the word 'NORTH.' Place this piece of paper in your kitchen.
  • On another piece of paper, draw a bright sun and write the word 'SOUTH.' Place this piece of paper in your living room.
  • Pretend to be a migrating swallow. Your kitchen is the brisk north, and your living room is the sunny south.
  • First, pretend it is fall and it is getting colder. Fly south from your chilly kitchen to your warm living room.
  • Take a rest on your couch. Your wings are tired from all that flapping.
  • Next, pretend it is spring. It is getting warmer in the north, and you can now find enough food there. Fly back from your living room in the sunny south to your kitchen in the north.

Activity 4: Color and Label a Migration Map   

  • Click the crayon above. Complete page 31 of 'Science Field Book for Second Grade.'

Activity 5: Take a Nature Walk

Take a nature walk, locate a bird to observe, gather data and notes, and use that information to create a field book entry. You may wish to take a pencil and a small notebook to jot down sketches and observations.

Before you take the nature walk, review:

  • The field book template you'll later complete on page 32 of 'Science Field Book for Second Grade.'
  • The suggested list of observations below.

Behavioral observations include:

  • Which noises does the bird make? Does it chirp, call, or sing?
  • How does the bird move?
  • How does the bird eat?
  • What does the bird eat?
  • How does the bird clean itself?

Habitat observations include:

  • In what areas of the world does the bird live?
  • Does the animal live in a forest, a field, a town, or near water?
  • Where is the bird's summer home and where is the bird's winter home? (Conduct online research to determine locations if needed.)
  • In what type of climate does the bird live (e.g. temperate, tropical, arid, arctic)?
  • In what type of house does the bird live?

Appearance observations include:

  • What feathers does the bird wear?
  • What colors are the feathers?
  • What colors are the beak and feet?

Activity 6: Complete a Field Book Entry   

  • Click the crayon above. After your nature walk, complete page 32 of 'Science Field Book for Second Grade.'

Review

Question 1

Where do Arctic terns live in the winter?
1 / 5

Answer 1

Arctic terns live in the Antarctic circle during the winter.
1 / 5

Question 2

Where do Arctic terns live in the summer?
2 / 5

Answer 2

Arctic terns live in the Arctic circle during the summer.
2 / 5

Question 3

Which are migratory birds - American Barn swallows or cardinals?
3 / 5

Answer 3

American barn swallows are migratory birds. Cardinals are not migratory.
3 / 5

Question 4

Which are permanent residents - American Barn swallows or cardinals?
4 / 5

Answer 4

Cardinals are permanent residents. American Barn swallows are not permanent residents.
4 / 5

Question 5

Name one summer resident bird of where you live?
5 / 5

Answer 5

Answers vary. Summer resident birds in the United States include robins, bluebirds, red-winged blackbirds, geese, hummingbirds, and ducks.
5 / 5

  1. Where do Arctic terns live in the winter? Arctic terns live in the Antarctic circle during the winter.
  2. Where do Arctic terns live in the summer? Arctic terns live in the Arctic circle during the summer.
  3. Which are migratory birds - American Barn swallows or cardinals? American barn swallows are migratory birds. Cardinals are not migratory.
  4. Which are permanent residents - American Barn swallows or cardinals? Cardinals are permanent residents. American Barn swallows are not permanent residents.
  5. Name one summer resident bird of where you live? Answers vary. Summer resident birds in the United States include robins, bluebirds, red-winged blackbirds, geese, hummingbirds, and ducks.

References

  1. Comstock, Anna Botsford. Handbook of nature-study (Twenty-fourth edition). Ithaca, New York Comstock Publishing Company, Inc, 1911.